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ScriptsApr 12, 2026·2 min de lecture

Selenium — Browser Automation Framework and Ecosystem

Selenium is the original browser automation framework for testing web applications. WebDriver API supports Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge across Java, Python, C#, Ruby, JavaScript. The industry standard for E2E web testing since 2004.

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Introduction

Selenium is the original browser automation framework for web application testing. Created by Jason Huggins at ThoughtWorks in 2004. The WebDriver API became a W3C standard and is implemented by every major browser vendor. Supports Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge across Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript.

What Selenium Does

  • WebDriver — W3C standard browser control protocol
  • Cross-browser — Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge
  • Multi-language — Java, Python, C#, Ruby, JS
  • Selenium Grid — distributed parallel testing
  • Selenium IDE — record and playback browser extension
  • Wait strategies — explicit and implicit waits
  • Actions API — mouse, keyboard, drag-drop
  • Screenshots — capture on failure

Comparison

Tool Protocol Cross-browser Multi-lang
Selenium WebDriver (W3C) All 5
Playwright CDP/WebDriver 3 4
Cypress In-browser 4 JS only
Puppeteer CDP Chromium JS/Python

FAQ

Q: Selenium vs Playwright? A: Playwright is more modern (auto-wait, better DX); Selenium is more mature with more language support and is the W3C standard. Legacy projects or Ruby/C# tend to pick Selenium; new projects tend to pick Playwright.

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