# Prisma — Next-Generation ORM for Node.js & TypeScript

> Prisma is a next-generation ORM for Node.js and TypeScript supporting PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQL Server, SQLite, MongoDB, and CockroachDB. Type-safe database access with auto-generated client and intuitive schema language.

## Install

Save as a script file and run:

## Quick Use

```bash
npm i -D prisma
npm i @prisma/client
npx prisma init
```

Define schema:
```prisma
// prisma/schema.prisma
generator client { provider = "prisma-client-js" }
datasource db {
  provider = "postgresql"
  url      = env("DATABASE_URL")
}

model User {
  id    Int    @id @default(autoincrement())
  email String @unique
  posts Post[]
}

model Post {
  id       Int    @id @default(autoincrement())
  title    String
  authorId Int
  author   User   @relation(fields: [authorId], references: [id])
}
```

Generate & migrate:
```bash
npx prisma migrate dev --name init
npx prisma generate
```

Query:
```ts
import { PrismaClient } from "@prisma/client";
const prisma = new PrismaClient();

const users = await prisma.user.findMany({
  include: { posts: true },
});
```

## Intro

Prisma is a next-generation ORM for Node.js & TypeScript. Fully type-safe database access with auto-generated client from the Prisma schema. Supports PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQL Server, SQLite, MongoDB, and CockroachDB.

- **Repo**: https://github.com/prisma/prisma
- **Stars**: 45K+
- **Language**: TypeScript
- **License**: Apache 2.0

## What Prisma Does

- **Prisma Schema** — single source of truth for data model
- **Prisma Client** — auto-generated, type-safe query builder
- **Prisma Migrate** — declarative migrations from schema changes
- **Prisma Studio** — GUI browser for database
- **Relation queries** — `include` and `select` for nested data
- **Transactions** — interactive and batch

## Architecture

Schema → Prisma Engine (Rust) → Database. The TypeScript client wraps a Rust binary (or WASM in edge runtimes) that handles query compilation, connection pooling, and protocol. Types are generated from the schema on `prisma generate`.

## Self-Hosting

Prisma is a library, not a service. Ships with your app. For connection pooling in serverless, use Prisma Accelerate (hosted) or PgBouncer/Supavisor self-hosted.

```bash
# Production
npx prisma migrate deploy
node dist/server.js
```

## Key Features

- Fully type-safe queries
- Declarative schema (.prisma file)
- Auto-migrations
- Multi-database support
- Prisma Studio (GUI)
- Edge runtime support (Cloudflare, Vercel)
- Interactive transactions
- Full-text search (PostgreSQL)

## Comparison

| ORM | Type Safety | Migrations | Performance | Query Style |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prisma | Excellent | Auto | Good | Builder |
| Drizzle | Excellent | Manual | Fastest | SQL-like |
| TypeORM | Decent | Auto | OK | ActiveRecord/DataMapper |
| Sequelize | Weak | Auto | OK | Legacy |
| Kysely | Excellent | Manual | Fast | SQL builder |

## 常见问题 FAQ

**Q: Prisma vs Drizzle？**
A: Prisma 抽象更高（Schema DSL，自动迁移），开发体验好；Drizzle 更接近 SQL、bundle 更小、边缘运行时更快。

**Q: 冷启动慢？**
A: Prisma 5+ 提供 `driverAdapters`，去掉 Rust 引擎，冷启动大幅改善。

**Q: 能写原生 SQL 吗？**
A: 能。`prisma.$queryRaw` 和 `$executeRaw` 支持模板字符串参数化查询。

## 来源与致谢 Sources

- Docs: https://www.prisma.io/docs
- GitHub: https://github.com/prisma/prisma
- License: Apache 2.0

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Source: https://tokrepo.com/en/workflows/2f0e03dd-3567-11f1-9bc6-00163e2b0d79
Author: Script Depot