# Nushell — A New Type of Shell for the Modern Era

> Nushell is a new type of shell that treats data as structured tables rather than plain text. Pipelines operate on structured data (tables, records, lists) instead of raw strings. Built in Rust with cross-platform support. Think of it as a shell meets a spreadsheet.

## Install

Save in your project root:

## Quick Use

```bash
# Install
brew install nushell                        # macOS
cargo install nu                            # Rust
winget install nushell                      # Windows

# Launch
nu
```

Structured data pipelines:
```nu
# List files as a table
ls | sort-by size -r | first 5

# Filter and transform
ls | where size > 1mb | select name size | sort-by size -r

# HTTP request → structured data
http get https://api.github.com/repos/nushell/nushell
| select stargazers_count forks_count

# CSV processing
open sales.csv | where region == "APAC" | math sum revenue

# JSON manipulation
open config.json | upsert database.port 5433 | save config.json

# System info as table
sys host | select name os_version
ps | where cpu > 10 | sort-by cpu -r

# Custom commands
def greet [name: string] { $"Hello, ($name)!" }
greet William
```

## Intro

Nushell (nu) is a new type of shell written in Rust. Instead of treating everything as text strings, Nushell pipelines operate on structured data — tables, records, lists, and typed values. Think of it as a shell that understands data formats (JSON, CSV, YAML, TOML, SQLite) natively and lets you query them like a database.

- **Repo**: https://github.com/nushell/nushell
- **Stars**: 39K+
- **Language**: Rust
- **License**: MIT

## What Nushell Does

- **Structured pipelines** — data flows as tables, not text
- **Built-in data formats** — JSON, CSV, YAML, TOML, XML, SQLite, Parquet
- **Type system** — strings, ints, floats, booleans, dates, durations, file sizes
- **ls / ps / sys** — system commands return structured data
- **HTTP client** — `http get/post` with auto-parsing
- **SQL-like queries** — where, select, group-by, sort-by, math
- **Custom commands** — `def` with typed parameters
- **Modules** — organize code into modules
- **Plugins** — extend via compiled plugins
- **Completions** — context-aware tab completion

## Architecture

Rust binary. Parser produces an AST, engine evaluates pipelines. Each command produces a `PipelineData` value (table, record, string, etc.). Plugins communicate via JSON-RPC.

## Comparison

| Shell | Data Model | Language | Cross-platform |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nushell | Structured tables | Own | Yes |
| Bash/Zsh | Text streams | POSIX sh | Unix |
| Fish | Text streams | Own | Unix |
| PowerShell | .NET objects | Own | Yes |
| Xonsh | Python objects | Python | Yes |

## 常见问题 FAQ

**Q: 能替代 bash 吗？**
A: 交互式使用可以。但 POSIX shell 脚本不兼容——现有 `.sh` 脚本还得用 bash 跑。Nushell 适合新脚本和日常交互。

**Q: 和 PowerShell 像？**
A: 理念相似（结构化数据管道）但实现不同。Nushell 更轻量、跨平台原生、类型系统更简洁。

**Q: 性能？**
A: Rust 实现，启动快、管道处理快。大文件处理比 awk/sed 稍慢但可读性好 100 倍。

## 来源与致谢 Sources

- Docs: https://www.nushell.sh/book
- GitHub: https://github.com/nushell/nushell
- License: MIT

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Source: https://tokrepo.com/en/workflows/903323cf-3649-11f1-9bc6-00163e2b0d79
Author: AI Open Source