# Pulumi — Infrastructure as Code in Any Programming Language

> Pulumi is infrastructure as code using general-purpose languages: TypeScript, Python, Go, C#, Java, YAML. Unlike Terraform HCL, Pulumi lets you use loops, functions, classes, and real package ecosystems to describe cloud infra.

## Install

Save in your project root:

## Quick Use

```bash
# Install
brew install pulumi                         # macOS
curl -fsSL https://get.pulumi.com | sh

# Login (state backend)
pulumi login                                # Pulumi Cloud
pulumi login --local                        # Local file backend
pulumi login s3://my-bucket                 # S3 backend

# New project
mkdir my-infra && cd my-infra
pulumi new aws-typescript
```

TypeScript example `index.ts`:
```ts
import * as aws from "@pulumi/aws";
import * as pulumi from "@pulumi/pulumi";

const bucket = new aws.s3.Bucket("my-bucket", {
  tags: { Project: "TokRepo" },
});

const bucketObject = new aws.s3.BucketObject("index.html", {
  bucket: bucket.id,
  content: "Hello from Pulumi",
  contentType: "text/html",
});

export const bucketName = bucket.id;
export const websiteUrl = pulumi.interpolate`https://${bucket.websiteEndpoint}`;
```

```bash
pulumi preview                              # Dry-run
pulumi up                                   # Apply
pulumi destroy                              # Tear down
pulumi stack export                         # Backup state
```

## Intro

Pulumi is infrastructure as code using general-purpose programming languages. Unlike Terraform HCL or CloudFormation YAML, Pulumi lets you write infrastructure in TypeScript, Python, Go, C#, Java, or YAML — giving you loops, functions, classes, and the full power of a real programming ecosystem (npm, pip, Maven).

- **Repo**: https://github.com/pulumi/pulumi
- **Stars**: 25K+
- **Language**: Go
- **License**: Apache 2.0

## What Pulumi Does

- **Multi-language IaC** — TS, Python, Go, C#, Java, YAML
- **Multi-cloud** — AWS, Azure, GCP, Kubernetes, 140+ providers
- **State management** — Pulumi Cloud (SaaS), self-hosted, S3, Azure Blob, local file
- **Policy as Code** — CrossGuard policies in TS/Python
- **Secrets** — encrypted state and config
- **Component Resources** — package reusable abstractions
- **Automation API** — programmatically drive Pulumi
- **Import** — bring existing cloud resources under Pulumi
- **ESC** — environments, secrets, configuration service

## Architecture

Your program is a regular TS/Python/Go app using Pulumi SDK. At runtime it builds a resource graph. Pulumi engine computes a plan against current state and executes changes via provider plugins (which wrap Terraform providers or native cloud SDKs).

## Self-Hosting

Pulumi CLI is open source. State backend options include Pulumi Cloud (managed SaaS) or self-hosted backends (S3, Azure Blob, GCS, local file). For enterprise: Pulumi Cloud Self-Hosted.

## Key Features

- Real programming languages
- 140+ cloud providers
- Policy as Code (CrossGuard)
- Component resources for abstraction
- Secrets encryption
- Import existing resources
- Automation API
- Stack references across projects
- Easy testing via unit tests
- Pulumi ESC for environment/secrets management

## Comparison

| Tool | Language | State | Provider Count |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pulumi | TS/Py/Go/C# | Managed or self | 140+ |
| Terraform | HCL | tfstate file | 3000+ |
| OpenTofu | HCL (Terraform fork) | tfstate | Same as TF |
| CDK (AWS) | TS/Py/Java/C# | CloudFormation | AWS only |
| Cdktf | TS/Py/Go/C# | tfstate | TF-compatible |
| CloudFormation | YAML/JSON | AWS | AWS only |

## 常见问题 FAQ

**Q: Pulumi vs Terraform？**
A: Terraform HCL 是 DSL（上手快，但表达力受限）；Pulumi 用真实编程语言（复杂逻辑、循环、类、测试更自然）。Terraform 生态更大、Pulumi 开发体验更好。

**Q: 可以用 TS 写 K8s 吗？**
A: 可以。`@pulumi/kubernetes` 提供全部 K8s 资源类型，强类型自动补全。比 YAML 宜人。

**Q: state 放哪？**
A: 默认推荐 Pulumi Cloud（免费 tier 够小团队用）。要完全私有则用 S3/Azure Blob/GCS + encryption-provider。

## 来源与致谢 Sources

- Docs: https://www.pulumi.com/docs
- GitHub: https://github.com/pulumi/pulumi
- License: Apache 2.0

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Source: https://tokrepo.com/en/workflows/a2aa99f8-35f3-11f1-9bc6-00163e2b0d79
Author: AI Open Source