# Bottle — Single-File Micro Web Framework for Python

> Bottle is a fast, lightweight WSGI micro web framework for Python distributed as a single file with no dependencies beyond the standard library.

## Install

Save as a script file and run:

# Bottle — Single-File Micro Web Framework for Python

## Quick Use
```bash
pip install bottle
```

```python
from bottle import route, run

@route('/hello/<name>')
def hello(name):
    return f'Hello, {name}!'

run(host='localhost', port=8080)
```

## Introduction
Bottle is a Python micro web framework contained entirely in a single file with zero external dependencies. It is one of the oldest Python micro frameworks, predating Flask, and remains a practical choice when you need a small HTTP server with routing, templates, and static file serving without pulling in a dependency tree.

## What Bottle Does
- Provides URL routing with dynamic parameters and filters in a single module
- Includes a built-in template engine with Python expression support
- Serves static files from a configurable directory
- Supports multiple WSGI server backends (gunicorn, paste, cherrypy, etc.)
- Handles file uploads, cookies, headers, and form data through a clean request API

## Architecture Overview
Bottle consists of a single Python file (approximately 4,000 lines) that implements a WSGI application. Routes are stored in a routing table that compiles URL patterns into regular expressions at startup. When a request arrives, the router matches the path, extracts parameters, and calls the decorated handler function. The response is serialized according to the return type — strings become text, dicts become JSON, and generators are streamed.

## Self-Hosting & Configuration
- Install with `pip install bottle` or copy `bottle.py` directly into your project
- Run with the built-in development server via `run(host, port)`
- Deploy behind gunicorn: `gunicorn -w 4 myapp:app` where app is the Bottle instance
- Configure template paths with `bottle.TEMPLATE_PATH.insert(0, '/path/to/templates')`
- Enable debug mode with `run(debug=True)` for auto-reload during development

## Key Features
- Zero dependencies — the entire framework is one importable file
- Decorator-based routing that reads naturally in small applications
- Built-in SimpleTemplate engine with inline Python code
- Plugin system for adding database connections, authentication, and more
- Compatible with any WSGI server for production deployment

## Comparison with Similar Tools
- **Flask** — similar micro approach but with Jinja2 and Werkzeug as dependencies, larger ecosystem
- **FastAPI** — async with automatic OpenAPI docs, better for typed APIs, heavier dependency tree
- **Starlette** — ASGI-based async framework, more suited for WebSocket and streaming workloads
- **CherryPy** — object-oriented HTTP framework, built-in multi-threaded server, more configuration

## FAQ
**Q: When should I use Bottle instead of Flask?**
A: When you want zero dependencies or need to embed a tiny HTTP server inside another application. For larger projects, Flask's ecosystem is broader.

**Q: Can Bottle handle production traffic?**
A: Yes, when deployed behind a production WSGI server like gunicorn or uWSGI. The built-in server is for development only.

**Q: Does Bottle support async/await?**
A: No. Bottle is a synchronous WSGI framework. For async support, consider Starlette or FastAPI.

**Q: Is Bottle still maintained?**
A: Yes. Development continues at a stable pace with periodic releases for bug fixes and compatibility updates.

## Sources
- https://github.com/bottlepy/bottle
- https://bottlepy.org

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Source: https://tokrepo.com/en/workflows/asset-e38fcab7
Author: Script Depot