# Django — The Web Framework for Perfectionists with Deadlines

> Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. Batteries-included: ORM, admin, auth, migrations, forms, caching, and security. Powers Instagram, Spotify, Mozilla, Disqus, and NASA.

## Install

Save in your project root:

## Quick Use

```bash
pip install django
django-admin startproject mysite
cd mysite
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser
python manage.py runserver
# Visit http://localhost:8000
# Admin at http://localhost:8000/admin
```

Create an app:
```bash
python manage.py startapp api
```

```python
# api/models.py
from django.db import models

class Asset(models.Model):
    repo = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)
    stars = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.repo} ({self.stars})"
```

```python
# api/views.py
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .models import Asset

def top_assets(request):
    assets = Asset.objects.order_by("-stars")[:10]
    data = [{"repo": a.repo, "stars": a.stars} for a in assets]
    return JsonResponse({"assets": data})
```

## Intro

Django is a high-level Python web framework created by Adrian Holovaty and Simon Willison at the Lawrence Journal-World newspaper in 2003, open-sourced in 2005. Its motto: The web framework for perfectionists with deadlines. Django includes everything you need out of the box: ORM, admin panel, authentication, URL routing, templating, form handling, file uploads, caching, and security middleware.

- **Repo**: https://github.com/django/django
- **Stars**: 87K+
- **Language**: Python
- **License**: BSD 3-Clause

## What Django Does

- **ORM** — define models in Python, auto-generate SQL
- **Admin** — auto-generated CRUD admin panel
- **Auth** — users, groups, permissions, sessions, CSRF
- **Migrations** — schema migrations from model changes
- **URL routing** — regex and path-based URL dispatcher
- **Templates** — Django template language (DTL) or Jinja2
- **Forms** — validation, rendering, model forms
- **Middleware** — request/response processing pipeline
- **Caching** — Redis, Memcached, file, DB backends
- **Security** — XSS, CSRF, SQL injection, clickjacking protections
- **Django REST Framework** — add-on for building APIs

## Architecture

MVT (Model-View-Template): Model is the ORM layer, View handles logic and returns responses, Template renders HTML. WSGI/ASGI compatible — deploy behind Gunicorn, uvicorn, or Daphne. Settings-based configuration via `settings.py`.

## Self-Hosting

```bash
# Production
pip install gunicorn
gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 --workers 4

# Docker
FROM python:3.12-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD ["gunicorn", "mysite.wsgi", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000"]
```

## Key Features

- Batteries-included (ORM, admin, auth, migrations)
- Auto-generated admin panel
- Django REST Framework for APIs
- ASGI support (async views)
- Comprehensive security defaults
- Mature ecosystem (10,000+ packages)
- Excellent documentation
- Huge community

## Comparison

| Framework | Language | Philosophy | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Django | Python | Batteries-included | Full apps |
| FastAPI | Python | Async + types | APIs |
| Flask | Python | Micro | Small APIs |
| Rails | Ruby | Convention > config | Full apps |
| Laravel | PHP | Elegant syntax | Full apps |
| Spring Boot | Java | Enterprise | Enterprise |

## 常见问题 FAQ

**Q: Django vs FastAPI？**
A: Django 是全栈框架（ORM、admin、auth 全包），适合传统 web app + API；FastAPI 专注高性能异步 API，适合纯 API 后端和微服务。

**Q: Django 支持 async 吗？**
A: 支持。Django 4.1+ 支持 async views、middleware、ORM（部分）。完整 async ORM 仍在推进中。

**Q: admin 可以生产用吗？**
A: 内部管理可以。面向用户的后台建议基于 Django admin 定制或用 Django Unfold/Grappelli 等主题。

## 来源与致谢 Sources

- Docs: https://docs.djangoproject.com
- GitHub: https://github.com/django/django
- License: BSD 3-Clause

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Source: https://tokrepo.com/en/workflows/cc164535-362e-11f1-9bc6-00163e2b0d79
Author: AI Open Source