Hasura — Instant GraphQL & REST APIs on Your Database

What Hasura Does

• Instant APIs: Auto-generate GraphQL and REST APIs from any database table
• Real-time Subscriptions: Live query subscriptions for real-time data updates
• Access Control: Row-level and column-level permissions with session variables
• Relationships: Define relationships between tables for nested queries
• Event Triggers: Fire webhooks on database insert/update/delete events
• Remote Schemas: Stitch multiple GraphQL services into one unified API
• Actions: Extend GraphQL schema with custom business logic via webhooks
• Migrations: Version-controlled schema and metadata migrations
• Caching: Query response caching with configurable TTL

Architecture

┌──────────────┐     ┌──────────────┐     ┌──────────────┐
│  Frontend    │────▶│  Hasura      │────▶│  PostgreSQL /│
│  (Any)       │     │  Engine      │     │  MySQL /     │
│  GraphQL     │     │  (Haskell)   │     │  SQL Server /│
│  Queries     │     └──────┬───────┘     │  MongoDB     │
└──────────────┘            │             └──────────────┘
                     ┌──────┴───────┐
                     │ Remote       │
                     │ Services     │
                     │ (Custom API) │
                     └──────────────┘

Self-Hosting

Docker Compose

services:
  hasura:
    image: hasura/graphql-engine:latest
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_METADATA_DATABASE_URL: postgres://hasura:hasura@postgres:5432/hasura
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_DATABASE_URL: postgres://hasura:hasura@postgres:5432/myapp
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_ENABLE_CONSOLE: "true"
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_ADMIN_SECRET: your-admin-secret
      HASURA_GRAPHQL_UNAUTHORIZED_ROLE: anonymous
    depends_on:
      - postgres

  postgres:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: hasura
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: hasura
      POSTGRES_DB: myapp
    volumes:
      - pg-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

volumes:
  pg-data:

How It Works

1. Connect Database

Point Hasura at your existing PostgreSQL:

Database URL: postgres://user:password@host:5432/mydb

Hasura reads your schema and instantly generates GraphQL types for every table.

2. Query via GraphQL

# Auto-generated queries
query {
  users(where: {active: {_eq: true}}, order_by: {created_at: desc}, limit: 10) {
    id
    name
    email
    orders(order_by: {created_at: desc}) {
      id
      total
      status
      items {
        product { name price }
        quantity
      }
    }
  }
}

# Mutations
mutation {
  insert_users_one(object: {name: "John", email: "john@example.com"}) {
    id
  }
}

# Real-time subscription
subscription {
  orders(where: {status: {_eq: "pending"}}) {
    id
    total
    customer { name }
  }
}

3. Access Control

# Role-based permissions
- role: user
  table: orders
  permission:
    filter:
      customer_id: X-Hasura-User-Id    # Users can only see their own orders
    columns: [id, total, status, created_at]  # Can't see internal fields

- role: admin
  table: orders
  permission:
    filter: {}                          # Admins see all orders
    columns: "*"                        # All columns

4. Event Triggers

Table: orders
Event: INSERT
Webhook: https://api.example.com/new-order-handler

Payload:
{
  "event": {
    "data": {
      "new": { "id": 123, "total": 99.99, "customer_id": 456 }
    }
  }
}

Use cases: Send emails, update inventory, sync CRM, trigger notifications.

5. Actions (Custom Logic)

# Extend schema with custom mutations
type Mutation {
  processPayment(orderId: Int!, paymentMethod: String!): PaymentResult
}

# Hasura forwards to your webhook
# POST https://api.example.com/process-payment
# Your code handles the business logic

Hasura vs Alternatives

常见问题

Q: Hasura 需要写后端代码吗？ A: 简单 CRUD 操作完全不需要——Hasura 自动生成。复杂业务逻辑通过 Actions（webhook）实现，你只需要写处理函数。适合 80% 不需要后端的场景 + 20% 自定义逻辑。

Q: 性能如何？能应对高并发吗？ A: Hasura 用 Haskell 编写，性能极高。单实例可以处理每秒数千个 GraphQL 请求。支持查询缓存和水平扩展。在生产环境中已被验证处理每秒数万请求。

Q: 已有数据库可以直接用吗？ A: 完全可以。Hasura 不修改你的数据库 schema，只读取 schema 信息并生成 API。这是 Hasura 最大的优势——给已有项目加 API 只需要几分钟。

来源与致谢

• GitHub: hasura/graphql-engine — 31.9K+ ⭐ | Apache-2.0
• 官网: hasura.io